HEALTHY SUBJECTS WITHOUT DOMINANT SYMPATHETIC ACTIVATION TEND TO HAVE A REDUCED STIMULI PROCESSING IN THE RIGHT INSULA BUFFER, MATCHING A LOW PULSE RATE WITHIN THE INTEROCEPTIVE INTERNAL CLOCK THEREFORE EXPERIENCING A CONTRACTION IN TIME PERCEPTION DUE TO A LACK OF SALIENCE IN BODILY AROUSAL
An embodied perspective of time is also supported by various computational neuroscientific models that highlight the importance of the body and of bodily movements. Evidence from Tomassini and Morrone (2016) suggested that?SUBJECTIVE PERCEPTION OF TIME IS CONNECTED TO THE MOTOR CORTEX?whereas sensory-motor conflicts integration contributes to subjective distortion of time across different modalities
EMBODIED PERSPECTIVE OF TIME PERCEPTION IN HUMANS (Kranjec and Chatterjee, 2010; Wittmann, 2014) which INTEGRATES?several sources, FROM EMOTIONS TO BODY MOVEMENTS, TO CREATE OUR AWARENESS OF TIME.
urther support to the embodied perspective of time comes from Craig?s recent work on the ?interoceptive matrix? and its relations to human time awareness. The interoceptive matrix located in the anterior insular cortex (AIC) receives afferent inputs from small diameter sensory fibers through the lamina I spinothalamocortical pathway, which carries fundamental information from all the tissues of the body (Craig, 2002, 2003, 2009; Gu et al., 2013; Gu and FitzGerald, 2014) creating interoceptive perceptions. Recent studies showed selective activation of the AIC in time perception (Rao et al., 2001; Coull, 2004; Lewis and Miall, 2006; Livesey et al., 2007) specifically within the range of sub-seconds to seconds, confirming AIC as one of the core constituents of human awareness of time.
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DI LERNIA D, SERINO S, PEZZULO G, PEDROLI E, CIPRESSO P AND RIVA G (2018)
FEEL THE TIME. TIME PERCEPTION AS A FUNCTION OF INTEROCEPTIVE PROCESSING
FRONT. HUM. NEUROSCI. 12:74
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